THE PROFESSIONAL SYNTHESIS OF ASPIRIN
By: Wiley T., Liam D., and Liam S.

Since the dawn of civilization, humanity has searched for the ultimate panacea for pain. One remedy for this has been salicylic acid. The pain relieving uses of salicylic acid have been known to people for thousands of years...

AN EXPLORATION OF THE CHEMISTRY BEHIND POUND CAKE
By: Zamien A.

When you look at the traditional pound cake, what probably comes to mind is a heavy, dense texture that may or may not be enjoyable for you. However, if you were to look at the...

PROHIBITED SCIENTIFIC TERMS
By: Archie C.

The concept of terms that cannot be used in a scientific context should be more widely known. Terms such as “fact”, “true”, “prove”, “proven”, or “guess” are not acceptable to be used...

EFFECTS OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE ON THE EFFICACY OF THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
By: Victor A.

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, water and carbon dioxide into energy for the organism. These reactants are essential for the overall...

MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION AND EXPLORATION IN THE SHEN GALLERY
By: Isobel M.

On September 27, the Shen Gallery opened an exhibition that married two institutions of academic thought: mathematics and art. Liz Titone, the official Shen educator, and math teachers...

ESTABLISHING THE OXIDATION STATE OF COPPER
By: Lia D.

The goal of this lab was to determine the oxidation state of copper when reacting in a single-replacement reaction with elemental copper and a silver nitrate solution...

A VISUALIZATION OF FACTORS MULTIPLES AND PRIMES
By: Taiki C.

Here, I compiled and overlaid 50 different sine waves each with a different period and amplitude to represent the factors, multiples, primes, and properties of the numbers 1 through 50. By using...

SEEING COLOR
By: Alex L.

As humans, we take the most amazing things for granted. We are tiny specs in this enormous universe, and yet we still walk this earth without batting an eye. Being human, our many abilities...

CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS AND THE DIFFICULTY OF PRODUCING SAFE REPLACEMENTS
By: Liam S.

The invention of refrigeration transformed the world’s economy and culture, bringing with it TV dinners and frozen Australian lamb. During the 19th century, there were many compounds...

THE MYSTERY OF PRIME NUMBERS
By: Rhea L.

Prime numbers are a mathematical mystery. Despite many prominent mathematicians deriving equations to produce prime numbers, there is really no concrete way to find all prime...

IDENTIFYING SIX COMPOUNDS
By: Noah S.

The objective of this lab was to identify six different unknown compounds using five different tests and reactions. In doing so and seeing which compounds reacted it could be determined...

HACKINTOSH, A COMPUTER BUILT FROM SCRATCH
By: Andrew E., Dino M., Rob V., and Nate A. 

This is a picture of the backside of a Hackintosh that the Packer Bytes club built. A Hackintosh is a computer built from scratch, loaded with the Mac operating system - in our case, Sierra...

HARRY POTTER QUIZ
By: Diana S.

I made this Harry Potter knowledge quiz for a project in my AT Computer Science class. The assignment was to create a GUI quiz. In this course we have learned the fundamentals to...

IDENTIFYING UNKNOWN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
By: Reese K.

​The experiment's goal was as follows: to use polarimetry to find the specific rotation of six organic compounds and, by comparing this data, to identify one unknown compound. The results of the experiment are extremely inaccurate because...

TRANSFORMING LEAD INTO GOLD
By: Yasemin C.

For centuries, people have pursued the ultimate goal - the formula to turning lead, an ordinary, common, metal, into precious gold. The forefathers of modern day chemists were in fact alchemists whose biggest desire, in addition to gaining...

HANGMAN PROJECT
By: ​Alex C.

For my AT Computer Science project, I wrote code for a Hangman game using the program Eclipse...

CAPILLARY ATTRACTION
By: Caroline A.

Put a glass tube in a bowl of water and the water will rise in the tube to a height much greater than the surface level of the water in the bowl, seemingly in defiance of the laws of gravity. How can that be, you ask? The answer is...

PCI APP
By: Andrew E.

This is a screenshot that shows the development process for PCI Connect. The github commits are visible as well as the many tabs that I have open for coding. Coding is a very tedious yet rewarding activity...

RISING POPULARITY OF COMPUTER-SCIENCE AND PACKER’S COMPUTER SCIENCE CURRICULUM
By: Nick C. & Anya F.

While computer-science is not considered a core subject, it has taken on a life of its own within Packer’s Upper School, with the introduction of the Genius Bar, multiple clubs, and more students taking on computer-science electives...

THE FAT FIGHT
By: Lucy S.

“Fat” is a small world with a huge reputation. We are taught from a young age that fats are bad and we should stay away from them, but most people do not truly understand what a fat really is...

COMPARING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA TO ANALYZE EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES
By Ellie S.

​In this experiment, we extracted a sample of our own DNA in order to analyze its mitochondrial control region. We then compared the number of differences between our mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial DNA of modern human beings...

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE HATCHING VIABILITY OF ARTEMIA SALINA and ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA (BRINE SHRIMP)
By Victor A.

Artemia salina and Artemia Franciscana are small, aquatic creatures that can be found thriving in the Dead Sea (1). Over time, Artemia salina and Artemia Franciscana have been found in areas with a relatively higher level of salinity...

WHY EVERYONE SHOULD LEARN ABOUT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
By: Will L.

We live in a scientifically illeterate society. We come in close to last in math and science in every international test. There are not many ways for this to change. However, me thinking as the child I am, I thought of a way to get the average...

PUPPIES SCIENCE CLASS EXPLORATIONS
By: The Packer Puppies

In Science, The Puppies (PreK3s) are having fun learning about air and making bubbles. "I can make big bubbles and small bubbles!" "Look I caught a bubble!"...

MS. MELADY’S SECOND GRADE SCIENCE CLASS
By: Ms. Melady's Class

Recently in 2nd Grade Science we have been studying insects. Based on student questions (e.g. What do bess beetles prefer to eat? Do bess beetles go to the light or dark?) students conducted several experiments with bess beetles...